Micro-shear Bond Strength of an Alternative Self-etch Application of "No Wait" Universal Adhesive to Caries-affected and Sound Dentin in Permanent and Primary Teeth.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of caries-affected dentin (CAD) and sound dentin (SoD) in primary and permanent teeth using an alternative self-etch application of "no wait" universal adhesive. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Flat midcoronal dentin surfaces from 72 permanent third molars and 72 second primary molars were distributed randomly into 12 groups according to the substrate SoD and artificially-created CAD (pH cycling for 14 days) and the adhesive system (GLUMA Bond5, a two-step etch & rinse adhesive, GLUMA Bond, a one-step self-etch adhesive, and Tokuyama Universal Bond, a one-step self-etch adhesive) (n=12). Bonded dentin resin discs were put through micro-shear bond strength testing after 10,000 thermocycles. The results were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test with a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS: When compared to SoD, the etch & rinse system's test results on artificially created CAD showed a statistically significant poorer bonding performance in both permanent and primary teeth in all groups (p<0.05). While the bond strengths of permanent teeth using total-etch adhesive on sound dentin were statistically significantly higher than those using Tokuyama Universal Bond adhesive (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in sound dentin in primary teeth (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The etch & rinse system performed the poorest of all adhesive systems on CAD. The Tokuyama Universal Bond's adhesive strength was similar in SoD and CAD on primary teeth. The use of Tokuyama Universal Adhesives can speed up restorative treatment in pediatric dentistry.

Is palatal rugae a specific marker of dysmorphogenesis in patients with schizophrenia?

Background and Objectives Supporting the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are markers of abnormalities in early fetal development. The mouth seems to be a common region for the occurrence of MPAs in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the palatal rugae patterns, according to their length, shape, and orientation, between patients with schizophrenia and controls in a blinded fashion. The palatal rugae patterns were also evaluated by sex, as its effect on neurodevelopment was relevant. Methods Dental stone models were fabricated from maxilla impressions of patients with schizophrenia (N = 105) and controls (N = 105). Based on their lengths, three types of palatal rugae were classified; primary, secondary, and fragmentary. Primary rugae were further categorized according to their shape and direction. Results The most detected palatal rugae were the primary ones in both groups. The primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae numbers in both groups were no different. There were significant differences in the shape and orientation of the primary rugae between the two groups. Curved (OR:1.76, p = 0.006), island (OR:2.97, p = 0.001) and nonspecific (OR:5.44, p = 0.004) primary rugae shape were found to be significant predictive variables for schizophrenia. Randomly oriented rugae numbers were higher in schizophrenics than controls (p = 0.018). The two sexes had different preferences in primary rugae shapes and directions compared to same-sex controls in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Identifying subtle changes in the primary rugae pattern, which appear to be sex-specific, is consistent with impaired neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. (AU)

Diagnostic value of digital breast tomosynthesis and synthetic images in patients with breast cancer.

Background: Different imaging techniques are used in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The low sensitivity of mammography to detect cancer in the dense breast parenchyma and the lack of standard application of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are some of the problems. Therefore, breast cancer imaging techniques should be compared in terms of conspicuity and characterization of lesions. Aim: Full-field digital mammography (DM) and synthetic mammography (SM) which are obtained from the slices of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) give similar results in terms of conspicuity and characterization of the lesions in detecting breast cancer. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, 47 women diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. DM, SM, and DBT images were evaluated by scoring the conspicuity of the index lesion in the parenchyma and its characterization in terms of contour and shape with a 4-point scale. In addition, the conspicuity of the lesions in relation to lesion size and breast density was examined with these three techniques. Results: There is no significant difference between DM and SM techniques for index lesion conspicuity and characterization; however, the imaging score of DBT is significantly higher than other techniques for the conspicuity and characterization of the lesions. In terms of the conspicuity of the lesions in relation to lesion size, DM and SM techniques show significant difference according to the size of the lesion, whereas the DBT technique did not show significant difference. While mammography type is a determinant of lesion conspicuity in only DM and SM techniques, conspicuity findings do not differ significantly in the DBT technique. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was shown that standard images and SM images obtained from DBT did not differ significantly in terms of conspicuity and characterization of lesions. Thus, DBT is significantly superior to the DM and SM images. While the DM and SM images are more successful in showing large lesions and lesion detection in nondense breasts, DBT images were not affected by lesion size and breast density.

Minimally Invasive Approach for Improving Anterior Dental Aesthetics: Case Report with 1-Year Follow-Up.

Dental aesthetics have become highly important in recent years. Treating aesthetic demands with noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques can preserve the natural tissues. A 20-year-old female patient presented to the clinic with aesthetic concerns. After the clinical and radiographic examinations, hypomineralization was identified in the maxillary anterior teeth except the maxillary right canine. An external discoloration was also identified in the maxillary left canine tooth. Moreover, the right canine tooth was identified as a Turner's tooth according to the patient's anamnesis. The resin infiltration technique was applied to the maxillary anterior teeth except the maxillary right canine. The bleaching treatment was applied to the maxillary left canine tooth. Then, a laminate veneer restoration was applied to the upper right canine tooth with Turner's hypoplasia. Following the treatment, a satisfactory aesthetic restoration was achieved. After 1-year examination, no clinical failures were observed.